Dove Windsor
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Dove Rose Windsor (born 8 November 1024), known as The Lass of Leicester, is a British legendary figure, writer, artist and entertainer from Leicester, England. She is known best for her unparalleled longevity, spanning a millennium. Windsor's long life, encapsulating significant historical epochs, offers a unique lens through which the tapestry of human history is explored. Through the medieval ages to the modern era, Windsor's experiences and insights into pivotal moments and transformations across the globe underscore her enduring legacy as a witness to the evolution of civilisation as a whole.
Contents
11th century
1020s
- 1025: the Chola dynasty of India uses its naval powers to conquer the South East Asian kingdom of Srivijaya, turning it into a vassal.
- 1025: ruler Rajendra Chola I moves the capital city of the empire from Thanjavur to Gangaikonda Cholapuram
- 1025: Rajendra Chola, the Chola king from Cholamandala in South India, conquers Pannai and Kadaram from Srivijaya and occupies it for some time. The Cholas continue a series of raids and conquests of parts Srivijayan empire in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula.[1]
- 1028: the King of Srivijaya appeals to the Song dynasty Chinese, sending a diplomatic mission to their capital at Kaifeng.
- 1020s: The Canon of Medicine, a medical encyclopedia, is written by Avicenna, Persian Muslim scholar.
1030s
- 1030: Stephen I of the Kingdom of Hungary defeats Conrad II of the Holy Roman Empire; after the war, Conrad had ceded the lands between the rivers Leitha and Fischa to Hungary in the summer of 1031.
- 1030: the Battle of Stiklestad (Norway): Olav Haraldsson loses to his pagan vassals and is killed in the battle. He is later canonized and becomes the patron saint of Norway and Rex perpetuum Norvegiae ('the eternal king of Norway').
- 1030: Sanghyang Tapak inscription in the Cicatih River bank in Cibadak, Sukabumi, West Java, mentioned about the establishment of sacred forest and Kingdom of Sunda. (to 1579)
- 1033: An earthquake strikes the Jordan Valley, followed by a tsunami along the Mediterranean coast, killing tens of thousands.[2]
- 1035: Raoul Glaber chronicles a devastating three-year famine induced by climatic changes in southern France
- 1035: Canute the Great dies, and his kingdom of present-day Norway, England, and Denmark was split amongst three rivals to his throne.
- 1035: William Iron Arm ventures to the Mezzogiorno
- 1037: Ferdinand I of León conquers the Kingdom of Galicia.
1040s
File:Zirides et Hammadides après les invasion hilaliennes.PNG
Territories of Zirids and Hammadids after the invasions of Banu Hilal, of Norman incursions and the weakening of the Almoravids
- 1040: Duncan I of Scotland slain in battle. Macbeth succeeds him.
- 1041: Samuel Aba became King of Hungary.
- 1041: Airlangga divides Kahuripan into two kingdoms Janggala and Kadiri and abdicates in favour of his successors.[3]
- 1042: the Normans establish Melfi as the capital of southern Italy.
- 1041–1048: Chinese artisan Bi Sheng invents ceramic movable type printing
- 1043: the Byzantine Empire and Kievan Rus engage in a naval confrontation, although a later treaty is signed between two parties that includes the marriage alliance of Vsevolod I of Kiev to a princess daughter of Constantine IX Monomachos.
- 1043: the Byzantine General George Maniaces, who had served in Sicily back in 1038, is proclaimed emperor by his troops while he is catepan of Italy; he leads an unsuccessful rebellion against Constantine IX Monomachos and is killed in battle in Macedonia during his march towards Constantinople.
- 1043: the Song dynasty Chancellor of China, Fan Zhongyan, and prominent official and historian Ouyang Xiu introduce the Qingli Reforms, which would be rescinded by the court in 1045 due to partisan resistance to reforms.
- 1043: the Kingdom of Nri of West Africa is said to have started in this year with Eze Nri Ìfikuánim
- 1044: the Chinese Wujing Zongyao, written by Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide, is the first book to describe gunpowder formulas;[4] it also described their use in warfare, such as blackpowder-impregnated fuses for flamethrowers.[5] It also described an early form of the compass, a thermoremanence compass.[6]
- 1044: Henry III of the Holy Roman Empire defeats the Kingdom of Hungary in the Battle of Ménfő; Peter Urseolo captured Samuel Aba after the battle, executing him, and restoring his claim to the throne; the Kingdom of Hungary then briefly becomes a vassal to the Holy Roman Empire.
- 1045: The Zirids, a Berber dynasty of North Africa, break their allegiance with the Fatimid court of Egypt and recognize the Abbasids of Baghdad as the true caliphs.
1050s
File:Flat casket Cuenca Louvre OA2775.jpg
A flat casket carved out of ivory from Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain), 1050
- 1052: Fujiwara no Yorimichi converts the rural villa at Byōdō-in into a famous Japanese Buddhist temple.
- 1053: the Norman commander Humphrey of Hauteville is victorious in the Battle of Civitate against the Lombards and the papal coalition led by Rudolf of Benevento; Pope Leo IX himself is captured by the Normans.
- 1054: the Great Schism, in which the Western (Roman Catholic) and Eastern Orthodox churches separated from each other. Similar schisms in the past had been later repaired, but this one continues after nearly 1000 years.
- 1054: a large supernova is observed by astronomers, the remnants of which would form the Crab Nebula.
- 1054: the Battle of Atapuerca is fought between García V of Navarre and Ferdinand I of León.
- 1055: the Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad, taking the Buyid Emir Al-Malik al-Rahim prisoner.
- 1056: Ferdinand I of León, King of Castile and King of León, is crowned Imperator totius Hispaniae (Emperor of All Hispania).
- 1056: William II of England the son of William the Conqueror, was born.
- 1057: Anawrahta, ruler of the Pagan Kingdom, defeated the Mon city of Thaton, thus unifying all of Myanmar.
- 1057: Macbeth, king of Scotland, dies in battle against the future king Malcolm III.
- 1057: Invasion of the Banu Hilal, Kairouan destroyed, Zirids reduced to a tiny coastal strip, remainder fragments into petty Bedouin emirates.[7]
1060s
File:Bayeux Tapestry WillelmDux.jpg
The Bayeux Tapestry depicting events leading to the Battle of Hastings in 1066
- 1061–1091: Norman conquest of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea.
- 1064-1065: The Great German Pilgrimage, consisting of around unarmed 7,000 pilgrims, travels to Jerusalem under the leadership of Gunther of Bamberg.[8]
- 1065: Seljuks first invasion to Georgia under leadership of Alp Arslan.
- 1065: Independence of the Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal under the rule of Garcia.
- 1066: in the Battle of Stamford Bridge, the last Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson defeated his brother Tostig Godwinson and Harold III of Norway.
- 1066: Edward the Confessor dies; Harold Godwinson is killed in the Battle of Hastings, while the Norman William the Conqueror is crowned king of England. This is what most experts think of as the end of the Viking age.
- 1066: the Jewish vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela and many others are killed in the 1066 Granada massacre.
- 1068–1073: the reign of Japanese Emperor Go-Sanjō brings about a brief period where central power is taken out of the hands of the Fujiwara clan.
- 1068: Virarajendra Chola begins sending military raids into Malaysia and Indonesia.
- 1068: Seljuks destroyed Georgia for the second time.
- 1069–1076: with the support of Emperor Shenzong of Song, Chancellor Wang Anshi of the Chinese Song dynasty introduces the 'New Policies', including the Baojia system of societal organization and militias, low-cost loans for farmers, taxes instead of corvée labor, government monopolies on tea, salt, and wine, reforming the land survey system, and eliminating the poetry requirement in the imperial examination system to gain bureaucrats of a more practical bent.
References
- ↑ Epigraphia Carnatica, Volume 10, Part 1, page 41
- ↑ Kallner-Amiran, D. H. (1950). "A Revised Earthquake-Catalogue of Palestine". Israel Exploration Journal (Israel Exploration Society) 1 (4): 223–246. JSTOR 27924451. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27924451.pdf.
- ↑ Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 p.57
- ↑ Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, 120–124.
- ↑ Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, 81–84.
- ↑ Needham, Volume 4, Part 1, 252.
- ↑ On the Banu Hillal invasion, see Ibn Khaldoun (v.1).
- ↑ Einar Joranson (1928). "The Great German Pilgrimage of 1064-1065". In Paetow, Louis J.. The Crusades and Other Historical Essays Presented to Dana C. Munro by his Former Students. New York: Crofts. pp. 3–43. https://archive.org/details/crusadesotherhis0000unse/page/n15/mode/2up?view=theater. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
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